{"id":30801,"date":"2019-11-11T11:54:12","date_gmt":"2019-11-11T03:54:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zegal.com\/?p=30801"},"modified":"2023-03-10T13:57:11","modified_gmt":"2023-03-10T05:57:11","slug":"your-complete-toolkit-for-alternative-dispute-resolution-adr-in-singapore-anatomy-of-an-adr-clause","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zegal.com\/en-au\/blog\/post\/your-complete-toolkit-for-alternative-dispute-resolution-adr-in-singapore-anatomy-of-an-adr-clause\/","title":{"rendered":"Complete Toolkit for Alternative Dispute Resolution in Singapore"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-large wp-image-31057\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/two-woman-and-one-man-looking-at-the-laptop-1036641-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31057\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/two-woman-and-one-man-looking-at-the-laptop-1036641-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/two-woman-and-one-man-looking-at-the-laptop-1036641-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/two-woman-and-one-man-looking-at-the-laptop-1036641-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/two-woman-and-one-man-looking-at-the-laptop-1036641-640x427.jpg 640w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/two-woman-and-one-man-looking-at-the-laptop-1036641-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/two-woman-and-one-man-looking-at-the-laptop-1036641-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 770px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo by Moose Photos from Pexels<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"E78\"><span id=\"E79\">Topic 2: Anatomy of an ADR clause<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"E81\"><span id=\"E82\">This is the <\/span><span id=\"E83\">second article<\/span><span id=\"E84\"> in a series of five articles on alternative dispute resolution (ADR). <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span id=\"E84\">This article <\/span><span id=\"E85\">will look at the different parts an ADR clause<\/span><span id=\"E86\"> may contain<\/span><span id=\"E87\">, and analyse <\/span><span id=\"E88\">two<\/span><span id=\"E89\"> ADR clauses from<\/span><span id=\"E90\"> template agreements <\/span><span id=\"E91\">in<\/span><span id=\"E92\"> the Zegal database: a <a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/business-collaboration-agreement\/\">Business Collaboration Agreement<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/partnership-agreement-individuals\/\">Partnership Agreement<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"E94\"><span id=\"E95\">The first article in the series<\/span><span id=\"E96\"> titled \u201cDo\u2019s and Don\u2019ts for ADR clauses\u201d, can be viewed <a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/blog\/post\/your-complete-toolkit-for-alternative-dispute-resolution-adr-in-singapore-dos-and-donts-for-adr-clause\/\">here <\/a><\/span><span id=\"E98\">. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span id=\"E99\">The next article will <\/span><span id=\"E100\">explain the mediation process, its pros and cons, and the new United Nations convention on mediation<\/span><span id=\"E101\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"E103\"><span id=\"E104\">Elements of ADR clauses<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"E106\"><span id=\"E107\">A typical ADR clause <\/span><span id=\"E108\">may <\/span><span id=\"E109\">contain the following<\/span><span id=\"E110\"> elements<\/span><span id=\"E111\">:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"891\" height=\"528\" src=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-11.51.32-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31031\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-11.51.32-AM.png 891w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-11.51.32-AM-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-11.51.32-AM-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-11.51.32-AM-640x379.png 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 770px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"E113\"><span id=\"E126\" contenteditable=\"false\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"E130\"><span id=\"E131\">A<\/span><span id=\"E132\"> properly-drafted arbitration clause<\/span><span id=\"E133\"> tends to be more complex than other types of ADR clauses and<\/span><span id=\"E134\"> <\/span><span id=\"E135\">needs <\/span><span id=\"E136\">more elements than those above<\/span><span id=\"E137\">, such as the <\/span><span id=\"E138\">seat<\/span><span id=\"E139\"> and <\/span><span id=\"E140\">law of the arbitration agreement<\/span><span id=\"E141\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"E143\"><span id=\"E144\">How does this work in practice?<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<p id=\"E146\"><span id=\"E147\">E<\/span><span id=\"E149\">ven the best ADR clauses cannot predict the future. It may well turn out that <\/span><span id=\"E150\">parties are unhappy with the ADR method they have agreed to use. Or worse, were not aware of what they signed up for. <\/span><span id=\"E151\">Crucial elements of the clause may also be missing when the time comes to settle a dispute.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E153\"><span id=\"E154\">However, a skilled lawyer will do the next best thing \u2013 by keeping in mind the underlying nature of the contract and the commercial realities facing the parties, they can develop a dispute resolution clause that will suit the situation and help the parties achieve their goals<\/span><span id=\"E155\"> as far as possible<\/span><span id=\"E156\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E158\"><span id=\"E159\">Her are two examples of how this works:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"E162\"><span id=\"E163\">Business Collaboration Agreement<\/span><\/h4>\n<p id=\"E165\"><span id=\"E166\">There are different ways that <\/span><span id=\"E167\">people or <\/span><span id=\"E168\">businesses can work together<\/span><span id=\"E169\"> and combine their resources<\/span><span id=\"E170\">, whether through an informal <a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/memorandum-of-understanding\/\">memorandum of understanding<\/a> or a highly-structured joint venture. This template agreement falls somewhere in between. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E172\"><span id=\"E173\">The <\/span><span id=\"E174\">parti<\/span><span id=\"E175\">es going into this agreement may want to keep working together for a long time, if it makes good financial sense to do so. They may <\/span><span id=\"E176\">have important <\/span><span id=\"E177\">business <\/span><span id=\"E178\">synergies that they need to preserve<\/span><span id=\"E179\">,<\/span><span id=\"E180\"> or may depend on the agreement to<\/span><span id=\"E181\"> stay ahead of a competitor.<\/span><span id=\"E182\"> They may also have trade secrets or other issues which they want to shield from public view.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E184\"><span id=\"E185\">In this case, mediation<\/span><span id=\"E186\"> ma<\/span><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">y be a good first step <\/span><span id=\"E187\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\">to take <\/span><span id=\"E188\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\">when these parties run into problems, as it <\/span><span id=\"E189\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\">is generally confidential, <\/span><span id=\"E190\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\">may help to preserve the relationship, and allow the parties to find a compromise or even a win-win solution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E192\"><span id=\"E193\">However, not all problems can be resolved this way. If the parties fail to reach an agreement, they may <\/span><span id=\"E194\">need a third party to make a binding decision for them so they can close the matter and move on<\/span><span id=\"E195\">. <\/span><span id=\"E196\">Therefore,<\/span><span id=\"E197\"> confidential<\/span><span id=\"E198\"> arbitration may be a suitable back<\/span><span id=\"E199\">&#8211;<\/span><span id=\"E200\">up option if mediation fails<\/span><span id=\"E201\">, but it will not n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">ecessarily preserve the relationship and allow the parties to keep working together<\/span><span id=\"E202\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"E206\">Alternatively, the parties\u2019 agreement may be complex and any dispute might involve large sums of money. The collaboration may also be short-term and the parties may prefer to <\/span><span id=\"E207\">go straight to arbitration to resolve any dispute, rather than discussing it before a mediator.<\/span><span id=\"E208\"> This is reflected in the sample clau<\/span><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">se below:<\/span><\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-31045\" src=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-1.48.30-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-1.48.30-PM.png 600w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-1.48.30-PM-300x114.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p id=\"E228\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"E229\">This sample provides for any dispute to be sent straight to arbitration before three arbitrators, which would be suitable for a complex or high<\/span><span id=\"E230\">&#8211;<\/span><span id=\"E231\">value dispute. In general, each party has the power to <\/span><span id=\"E232\">pick one arbitrator each, and their picks will nominate the third member of the panel. Parties can also decide in advance that one of the arbitrators must have experience in their industry.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<h4 id=\"E235\"><span id=\"E236\">Partnership Agreement<\/span><\/h4>\n<p id=\"E238\"><span id=\"E239\">A partnership agreement allows individuals who intend to carry on business using the partnership structure (often used by lawyers or accountants), to set out their responsibiliti<\/span><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">es, rights, profit sharing arrangement, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E241\"><span id=\"E242\">In these circumstances, if the partnership breaks down, it is unlikely the partners will continue to work together. <\/span><span id=\"E243\">Therefore, slightly different considerations may come in compared to the earlier example. The parties may be professionals who are concerned with keeping their reputations intact and avoiding a public spat. There may be industry-specific matters which they need a neutral expert to help them wade through. Some may want to avoid <\/span><span id=\"E244\">expensive legal<\/span><span id=\"E245\"> costs and end the partnership in a way that lets everyone walk away with more money than a long drawn-out fight would allow.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E247\"><span id=\"E248\">In this case, mediation or non-binding neutral evaluation by an expert from the same industry as the parties (e.g. lawyer or accountant-mediator), may be a good first step. Parties could choose arbitration as a back-up or as the only method of dispute resolution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E250\"><span id=\"E251\">Here, the sample <\/span><span id=\"E252\">clause <\/span><span id=\"E253\">provides for <\/span><span id=\"E254\">parties to go straight to <\/span><span id=\"E257\">arbitration before a single arbitrator<\/span><span id=\"E258\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-31051\" src=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-1.51.27-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"587\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-1.51.27-PM.png 587w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Screen-Shot-2019-11-05-at-1.51.27-PM-300x109.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 587px\" \/><\/figure><p><\/p>\n<p id=\"E260\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"E278\"><span id=\"E279\">Using a single arbitrator is useful in keeping costs lower for smaller and less complex disputes. Further, the flexibility of arbitration allows parties to choose a decision-maker who is an expert in their industry, such as an accountant-arbitrator to decide a dispute for an accounting partnership.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"E281\"><span id=\"E282\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h4>\n<p id=\"E284\"><span id=\"E285\">As you can see from the examples above, an ADR clause can have many or few moving parts, and can provide tailored solutions to <\/span><span id=\"E286\">suit <\/span><span id=\"E287\">the specific agreement between parties. Alternatively, parties can save time and choose an ADR option without going into <\/span><span id=\"E288\">any <\/span><span id=\"E289\">detailed analysis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E291\"><span id=\"E292\">With the second approach, it is still important to be sure that the ADR option is actually suitable for the type of contract. For example, it is not <\/span><span id=\"E293\">unusual for<\/span><span id=\"E294\"> a three-arbitrator clause <\/span><span id=\"E295\">to appear <\/span><span id=\"E296\">in <\/span><span id=\"E297\">a low value <\/span><span id=\"E298\">agreement (e.g. a simple tenancy agreement), <\/span><span id=\"E299\">because the parties didn\u2019t realise<\/span><span id=\"E300\"> that this will significantly increase their costs <\/span><span id=\"E301\">in a<\/span><span id=\"E302\"> dispute.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E304\"><span id=\"E305\">Typically, ADR or dispute resolution clauses are known as \u201cmidnight clauses\u201d because they are often jammed in by parties as an afterthought \u2013 no one wants to think about their exciting new business deal going wrong. However, it is in parties\u2019 interests to take the opportunity before <\/span><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">signing <\/span><span id=\"E308\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\">to<\/span><span id=\"E309\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\"> discuss <\/span><span id=\"E310\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\">the best way to work through their differences. That way, when problems happen later on, <\/span><span id=\"E311\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\">there may still be a chance for everyone to walk away <\/span><span id=\"E312\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\">with something.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<p><em>General disclaimer: Please note that this article is intended as a general guide on the subject matter and should not be treated as legal advice. It is to your benefit to seek specific professional advice tailored to your situation or business needs. All views expressed above are the author\u2019s personal opinions.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-29739 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screen-Shot-2019-07-30-at-10.30.30-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"237\"><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Farrah Isaac is a lawyer at Eversheds Harry Elias LLP, the Singapore office of global law firm Eversheds Sutherland. She specialises in managing and resolving commercial disputes through arbitration, litigation, and negotiation, and assists clients ranging from large multi-nationals to small and medium enterprises, including start-ups.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>She is also experienced in advising clients to manage the risks of or avoid disputes through proactive planning, and in providing straightforward and cost-effective advice and solutions.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>For further information or questions about her articles, connect on LinkedIn&nbsp;or get in touch by email at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:farrahisaac@eversheds-harryelias.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">farrahisaac@eversheds-<wbr>harryelias.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><i>This article does not constitute legal advice.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>The opinions expressed in the column above represent the author\u2019s own.<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/register.zegal.com\/\"><b>Start managing your legal needs with Zegal today<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/blog\/post\/your-complete-toolkit-for-alternative-dispute-resolution-adr-in-singapore-dos-and-donts-for-adr-clause\/\">READ MORE: Your Complete ADR in Singapore Toolkit: Dos and Don&#8217;ts for ADR Clauses<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Topic 2: Anatomy of an ADR clause This is the second article in a series of five articles on alternative dispute resolution (ADR). This article will look at the different parts an ADR clause may contain, and analyse two ADR clauses from template agreements in the Zegal database: a Business Collaboration Agreement and Partnership Agreement. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":31057,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":5,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14278],"tags":[9274,8240,9075,10307],"usecases":[13702],"businesstypes":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-30801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-management","tag-adr","tag-alternative-dispute-resolution","tag-partnership-agreement","tag-z-syndicate","usecases-uncategorised"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.8 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Complete Toolkit for Alternative Dispute Resolution in 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