{"id":35257,"date":"2020-09-08T10:17:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T02:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zegal.com\/?p=35257"},"modified":"2024-12-27T18:07:14","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T10:07:14","slug":"e-sign-laws-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zegal.com\/en-au\/blog\/post\/e-sign-laws-china\/","title":{"rendered":"E-sign Laws: China"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-35400 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/12-300x61.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"939\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/12-300x61.png 300w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/12-1024x209.png 1024w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/12-768x157.png 768w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/12-640x131.png 640w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/12.png 1048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 770px\" \/><\/h4>\r\n<h4><b>Part 4: Signing in to the digital age<\/b><\/h4>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China has been fast ascending in the world of business, with technological advances that are said to rival Silicon Valley. With the booming business and growth in China\u2019s Growth Domestic Product, foreign trade has accounted for nearly 40% of it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With a growing, prominent global economy, China\u2019s Electronic Signature Law has greatly increased the efficiency possibilities of business transactions. This cuts down on time and resources used to complete a business transaction, allowing trade to continue smoothly. Since 2004, E-signatures have been legally recognised in China under The PRC Electronic Signature Law.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read on to learn more about the legal compliance for electronic signatures in China specifically, and watch out for more in this series on Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, China, New Zealand, Australia, UK, Cayman Islands, and BVI.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_37919\"  class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-37919\" src=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adi-constantin-C8Z5DvtWQMw-unsplash-1280x720.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adi-constantin-C8Z5DvtWQMw-unsplash-1280x720.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adi-constantin-C8Z5DvtWQMw-unsplash-320x180.jpg 320w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adi-constantin-C8Z5DvtWQMw-unsplash-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adi-constantin-C8Z5DvtWQMw-unsplash-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adi-constantin-C8Z5DvtWQMw-unsplash-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adi-constantin-C8Z5DvtWQMw-unsplash-640x360.jpg 640w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adi-constantin-C8Z5DvtWQMw-unsplash-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adi-constantin-C8Z5DvtWQMw-unsplash-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/zegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adi-constantin-C8Z5DvtWQMw-unsplash-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 770px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Adi Constantin on Unsplash<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China\u2019s Electronic Signature Requirements\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The use of electronic signatures is under the Electronic Signature Law. China adopts an open Electronic Signature legal model.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Use_Cases_for_E-sign\"><\/span>Use Cases for E-sign<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Instances where e-signatures are generally considered appropriate:<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"unordered-list\">\r\n\t<li>consumer agreements, including invoices, purchase orders, order confirmations, sales terms, services terms, policies, shipment documentation, and user manuals<\/li>\r\n\t<li>HR Documents, such as regular employment contracts, NDAs, privacy notices, employee invention agreements benefits paperwork and other new employee onboarding processes<\/li>\r\n\t<li>commercial agreements between corporate entities, including invoices, sales agreements, distribution agreements, service agreements, NDAs, and purchase orders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Use_Cases_Requiring_a_Physical_Signature\"><\/span>Use Cases Requiring a Physical Signature\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>There are some cases where a handwritten or wet ink signature will be necessary. Examples include:<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"unordered-list\">\r\n\t<li>government-related filings, including application forms for registration or licensing and assignment of intellectual property rights<\/li>\r\n\t<li>mortgages<\/li>\r\n\t<li>commercial and residential leases and real property transfer contracts\u00a0<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u00a0certain commercial contracts, including major transactions of listed companies<\/li>\r\n\t<li>certain family law documents, ie. those pertaining to marriage, adoption, and succession<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u00a0securitisation documents\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Rules<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1) the <\/span><b>&#8220;electronic signatory&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> means a person who <\/span><b>holds the creation data of an electronic signature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>produces the electronic signature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> either in person or on behalf of the person he represents<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Chapter III Electronic Signature and Certification<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Article 13<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If an electronic signature concurrently meets the following conditions, it shall be deemed as a <\/span><b>reliable electronic signature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1) when the creation data of the electronic signature are used for electronic signature, it exclusively <\/span><b>belongs to an electronic signatory<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2) when the signature is entered, its creation data are <\/span><b>controlled only by the electronic signatory<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(3) after the signature is entered, any alteration made to the electronic signature <\/span><b>can be detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; and<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(4) after the signature is entered, any alteration made to the <\/span><b>contents and form<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of a data message <\/span><b>can be detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The parties concerned may also choose to use the electronic signatures which meet the conditions of reliability they have agreed to.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Applicability of an Electronic Signature\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p>China\u2019s legal model is different to a tiered one where Qualified Electronic Signatures are seen as a legitimate form of e-signature. In China there aren\u2019t any conditions for electronic signature types. Chinese PRC law states that a traditional signature isn\u2019t always needed for a contract to be viewed as credible. Contracts are seen as valid if legally able individuals reach an agreement (verbally, electronically or by physically signing). The E-Signature Law says that contracts can\u2019t be refused for simply being electronic. Under Chinese Law, if called into question, these contracts may have to be supported in court with extra evidence.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><i>This article does not constitute legal advice.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The opinions expressed in the column above represent the author\u2019s own.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/register.zegal.com\/\"><b>Start managing your legal needs with Zegal today<\/b><\/a><\/p>\r\n<h5>Read more from the E-Signatures Series:<\/h5>\r\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/blog\/post\/e-sign-laws-indonesia\/\">Part 6: Indonesia<\/a><\/h5>\r\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/blog\/post\/e-sign-laws-macau\/\">Part 5: Macau <\/a><\/h5>\r\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/blog\/post\/e-sign-laws-japan\/\">Part 3: Japan<\/a><\/h5>\r\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/blog\/post\/e-sign-laws-singapore\/\">Part 2: Singapore<\/a><\/h5>\r\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/blog\/post\/e-sign-laws-hong-kong\/\">Part 1: Hong Kong<\/a><\/h5>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/support.zegal.com\/hc\/en-gb\/articles\/115009802768-Is-E-Signing-Legally-Binding-\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">READ MORE: Is e-signing legally binding?\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zegal.com\/ebooks\/e-signatures\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EBOOK: E-signatures<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":96,"featured_media":35922,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,133],"tags":[10882,7627,11551,12293,7628,11270,10307,7707],"usecases":[],"businesstypes":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-35257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-productivity","category-startup","tag-china","tag-e-sign","tag-e-sign-laws","tag-e-signature-2","tag-electronic-signature","tag-z-sign","tag-z-syndicate","tag-zegal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.8 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>E-sign Laws: China | Zegal Australia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Digital signatures are commonplace around the globe. 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